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PSLM and HIES measure literacy, attendance, enrolment, attainment and out-of-school status. The latest HIES 2024–25 social report puts literacy at 63% for people aged 10+, including 73%…
HIES 2024–25 reports 77% literacy among young people aged 15–24 and 60% among adults aged 15+. The overall age-10+ measure is 63%. These denominators differ: adults include older…
The measure covers children aged 5–16 who never attended school or attended and left. The latest HIES 2024–25 report estimates 28% nationally, compared with 30% in its 2018–19 comparison…
The cited evidence does not establish a current national nuclear-versus-extended split for married people or newlyweds. Classification depends on which relatives share a household and…
The cited studies cannot establish that education causes newlyweds to choose a nuclear rather than a joint household. Education overlaps with employment, residence, resources and family…
The 2017–18 Pakistan DHS found that 44% of currently married women participated in decisions about major household purchases. Participation was 51% for their own health care…
An income gap does not determine relationship quality by itself. Problems are more likely when money becomes control: one partner hides income, sets all spending rules,…
HIES 2024–25 found that 60% of people aged 10 and above in Punjab had used the internet during the previous three months. The comparable shares were 56% in Sindh, 56% in…
HIES 2024–25 estimated average household size at 5.77 people in Punjab, 5.70 in Sindh, 6.83 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 7.06 in Balochistan, compared with 5.98 nationally.…
The evidence points toward later marriage, but a precise trend in never-married young adults needs the same age groups and definitions across census or survey rounds. Census…
The HIES 2024–25 social report shows average household size at 5.98 people, compared with about 6.2 in its 2018–19 comparison. Its current table reports 5.69 for urban and 6.17 for rural…
Extended-family living can provide housing, childcare, elder care, income pooling and emotional support. It can also reduce privacy or create conflict over chores, money, mobility and…