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PSLM and HIES measure literacy, attendance, enrolment, attainment and out-of-school status. The latest HIES 2024–25 social report puts literacy at 63% for people aged 10+, including 73%…
HIES 2024–25 reports 77% literacy among young people aged 15–24 and 60% among adults aged 15+. The overall age-10+ measure is 63%. These denominators differ: adults include older…
The measure covers children aged 5–16 who never attended school or attended and left. The latest HIES 2024–25 report estimates 28% nationally, compared with 30% in its 2018–19 comparison…
UNICEF currently estimates that 25.1 million children aged 5–16 in Pakistan are out of school, representing about 35% of that age group. It describes Pakistan as having one...
UNICEF estimates 9.7 million out-of-school children in Punjab, or 27% of the provincial 5–16 population; 7.4 million in Sindh, or 44%; 4.5 million in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, or...
The Labour Force Survey measures participation, employment, unemployment, hours, occupation, industry and related demographic characteristics. Its 2024–25 current-standard tables…
PBS’s Labour Force Survey 2024–25 reports labour-force participation of 22.7% for women and 68.7% for men aged 10 and above, a 46-percentage-point gap. These current-standard rates…
The World Bank’s 2026 Pakistan profile scores legal frameworks at 46.68, supportive frameworks at 50.68 and enforcement perceptions at 27.35, each out of 100. It assesses institutions…
Childcare arrangements affect how couples share care and plan paid work after having children. Pakistan’s 2026 Women, Business and the Law profile scores childcare at zero across its…
The cited enacted laws set 18 as the minimum for both sexes in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. Punjab’s current source is the Act gazetted on 11 May 2026, not…
Close relatives are more likely to share disease-causing recessive variants. If both carry a variant causing the same autosomal-recessive condition, each pregnancy typically has a 25%…
Higher risk is not the same as a guaranteed affected child. Most children of first-cousin couples are not born with a major birth defect, but the cited review describes a higher…